Cryogenic Engines and Fuels , Boosting Rockets Efficiency : ISRO India

What are Cryogenic Engines?

Cryogenic engines are engines that use cryogenic fuels. These fuels are gases, such as hydrogen and oxygen, stored in the form of liquid at extremely low temperatures. Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, abbreviated as LOX and LH2 respectively, are pumped into the turbo pump by individual booster pumps to ensure a high flow rate of propellants inside the combustion chamber.

 
Why Cryogenic Fuel and Why Hydrogen and Oxygen?

Cryogenic fuels are used because storing the fuel in the form of gases under pressure would require large tanks, making it inefficient for space adventures. Super cooling the liquid fuel allows for a high mass flow rate, which boosts the efficiency of rockets. Liquid hydrogen and oxygen are the best combination for achieving the highest efficiency. Additionally, cryogenic fuel provides more thrust with every kilogram of fuel burned, making it more efficient.

 
ISRO's Progress in Cryogenic Engines

ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) has made remarkable progress in recent years, both in terms of achieving feats and doing so cost efficiently. However, progress in India's cryogenic field was delayed due to events in the late 1980s. The United States objected to the transfer of cryogenic technology to India, as it was not a member of the MTCR (Missile Technology Control Regime) and NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty).

ISRO faced the challenge of building an indigenous cryogenic engine. This task was not easy due to various complexities involved. In the first decade of the 21st century, ISRO experienced three failures, one based on an Indian engine and the other two on Russian designs. However, by continuously learning from these failures, ISRO successfully launched GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) on January 5th, 2014.

 
GSLV MK2: India's Largest Launch Vehicle

GSLV MK2 is the largest launch vehicle developed by India and is currently in operation. With each launch, ISRO is growing bigger and achieving more success. The future holds great potential for ISRO and we can expect even more remarkable accomplishments in the field of cryogenic engines.



As cryogenic engines and fuels continue to play a crucial role in space exploration, ISRO's progress in this field is commendable. The use of cryogenic fuels enables higher efficiency and more thrust, making space adventures more feasible. ISRO's determination to overcome challenges and achieve success is evident in their continuous efforts to improve cryogenic engine technology. With each milestone, ISRO is shaping the future of space exploration.


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